Step 1: Make the Crust - Begin by mixing flour, sugar, and salt in a bowl until combined. Cut in cold butter using a pastry cutter or your fingers until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs. Next, add in egg yolk and enough cold water until a dough forms, then press this mixture into a tart pan or square cake pan before chilling it in the refrigerator for 20–30 minutes.
Step 2: Pre-Bake the Crust - Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C) while you prepare your crust. Prick the base of your chilled dough with a fork to prevent bubbling during baking, then bake it for about 12–15 minutes until lightly golden brown. Allow it to cool slightly before adding in your luscious lemon custard.
Step 3: Prepare the Lemon Custard - In a saucepan over medium heat, whisk together sugar, cornstarch, lemon zest, and egg yolks until well combined. Gradually add whole milk while continuing to whisk constantly until the mixture thickens up nicely—this should take about 5-7 minutes. Once thickened, remove from heat and stir in fresh lemon juice, butter, and vanilla extract.
Step 4: Bake the Cake - Carefully pour your prepared lemon custard into your pre-baked crust, ensuring an even layer throughout. Bake in your preheated oven for approximately 25–30 minutes; you're looking for it to be set but still slightly jiggly in the center when done baking. Allow it to cool completely at room temperature before slicing into generous pieces.